Some of the methods to purify water naturally at home:
Boil the water, and let it cool down at room temperature.
Store the water in a pure copper pot (tambe ka bartan).. this purifies removing many kinds of bacteria from water. copper cleanses everything !! that’s the power of keeping water in the copper pot. Place your copper water pot near to the place where you sleep. as per Ayurveda you also get good sleep, as well your whole body gets health benefits. You can also add 2-3 moringa (dried drumstick) seeds in the water pot for more purification. Note: Remember to clean your copper pot every alternate day with lemon and salt.
Take a white cotton cloth.. add fenugreek seeds, peppercorns, cumin seeds, Bengal grams.. make it a bag and put this bag in the copper water pot for an hour, this purifies the water further.
You can also add homam the (Agni Hotra) ash (vibhuti) into the water, this ash should be made out of (organic dried cow dung + ghee + rice) from the offerings given to sun during sunrise and sunset prayers done with Vedic chantings. Ash purifies the water within hours.
Put some Tulsi leaves, Cilantro leaves, or Lemons, and Mint leaves in water pots or in the water mugs.
Play vedic beej mantras at home during the day time..the mantras generates positive vibrations which has the healing power which purifies the water and makes the water more alkaline and divine like temple theerdham!!
In Regular commercial water filters .. the water is mostly purified using the following materials kept in layers .. charcoal, sea-sand, small pebbles/ stones, etc.. This natural method is very effective and used in many apartments, buildings, homes to purify their water tanks collected from well water, pond water, rainwater, gov tap water or river water ...